Officially, neither country won the war and U.S. However, unaware of the treaty, Andrew Jackson led a successful defense of New Orleans against British assault in January of 1815. The war was ended by the Treaty of Ghent in December of 1814. It was in watching this valiant defense that Francis Scott Key (pictured above) was inspired to write " The Star-Spangled Banner," today the United States' national anthem. In September they turned their attention to Baltimore, but were repelled. and burned both the Capitol and the Executive Mansion (the White House). In August of 1814 the British captured Washington, D.C. Once Napoleon was defeated in 1814 and the war with France was over the British were free to turn more of their attention to the United States. Most of the battles of the first two years of the war were fought on the U.S.-Canadian border in locations such as Detroit and Niagara, as Canada was then a British territory. The British Royal Navy vigorously practiced this method of replacing its sailors by taking United States citizens from American ships during the early part of the nineteenth century.īritain's repeated attempts to limit American trade with France (with whom Britain was at war) also caused tensions that eventually boiled over into war. One of the major issues that brought about the war was the practice of " impressment," or forcing men to serve in the armed forces through violence. Like the Revolutionary War, it was fought against England. Known to contemporaries as the "Second War of Independence," the War of 1812 in fact lasted from 1812 to 1815. The War of 1812 is not as well-known to students today as, for example, the Revolutionary War or the Civil War.
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